淺談城市濕地生態(tài)的保護(hù)

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 論文摘要：群力外灘濕地是哈爾濱松花江沿線重要濕地之一，對(duì)調(diào)蓄松花江江洪水、涵養(yǎng)水源、候鳥與濕地多樣性保護(hù)等具有重要意義，隨著哈爾濱經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，濕地保護(hù)、恢復(fù)已刻不容緩。文中在對(duì)群力外灘濕地主要生態(tài)功能、生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了該濕地生態(tài)保護(hù)的對(duì)策。

Abstract: we wetland is one of the important wetlands of Harbin songhua river along the bund, to regulate Jiang Hongshui songhua river, water conservation, migratory birds, and is of great significance for the protection of wetland biodiversity, with Harbin economic development, wetland protection and recovery are imperative. Of we the bund is the wetland ecological functions, ecological environment problems, on the basis of the analysis and evaluation of the wetland ecological protection countermeasures are put forward. 　　 　　 　　1 引言 1 introduction 　　 　　濕地與森林、海洋并稱為全球三大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是自然界最富生物多樣性的生態(tài)景觀和人類最重要的生存環(huán)境之一。濕地具有抵御洪水、調(diào)節(jié)氣候、涵養(yǎng)水源、凈化水體、維持生物的多樣性等多種生態(tài)功能。在各種類型的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)價(jià)值最高。 Wetlands and forests, oceans and called the world's three big ecosystem, is one of nature's most rich biological diversity of the ecological landscape and one of the most important living environment of mankind. Wetland has flood control, regulating climate, water conservation, purifying water body, maintaining biodiversity and so on the many kinds of ecological function. In various types of ecosystem, the wetland ecosystem service value of the highest. 　　群力外灘是哈爾濱市區(qū)唯一的自然狀態(tài)濕地，經(jīng)過(guò)城市不斷的向外擴(kuò)展以及人口的增加，并受人為因素干擾，部分已被開墾為農(nóng)田，濕地機(jī)能遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。為了促進(jìn)城市健康發(fā)展、可持續(xù)發(fā)展，對(duì)該濕地的保護(hù)、恢復(fù)工作已刻不容緩。 We the bund is the only wetland, the natural state of Harbin city after the city's outward expansion and the increase of population, and interference by human factors, the part has been converted for farmland, serious destruction of wetland function. In order to promote the healthy development of the city, the sustainable development of the wetland protection and recovery, work is urgent. 　　 　　2 國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)比較與借鑒 2 the international comparison and draw lessons from experience 　　 　　2.1 德國(guó)莫海姆市濕地保護(hù) 2.1 Germany morhaime city wetland protection 　　他們以“讓河流做自己的事”為理念，用更自然化的手段來(lái)達(dá)到防洪、環(huán)境改善、生態(tài)修復(fù)等多重長(zhǎng)效作用。通過(guò)重建緩沖帶、增設(shè)與河道垂直的開口、鼓勵(lì)小規(guī)模泛洪、控制洪水淹沒(méi)范圍等手段，不僅可以培育河濱生境，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)河道半自然化；而且可以減低洪水累計(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，減少洪水危害。該項(xiàng)目由堤防后退1.3km獲得2.02km2圩田，作為泛洪用地，并在圩田內(nèi)開辟了3.5 hm2林地，提升了滯洪空間的景觀和休憩價(jià)值。 Them to "let the rivers do your own thing" for the idea, with a more natural way to achieve flood control, environmental improvement, ecological restoration and other long-term effects. By rebuilding the buffer zone, adding a vertical opening and channel, to encourage small flood, flood control, not only can cultivate riverside habitat, gradually achieve half of natural river; And can reduce the risk of flooding the cumulative, reduce the flood damage. The project by the embankment back 1.3 km 2.02 km2 WeiTian, as flood land, and has opened up around a WeiTian 3.5 hm2 forest land, enhance the flood detention space landscape value and have a rest.