關(guān)于推進(jìn)農(nóng)村小型農(nóng)田水利工程的建設(shè)思考

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摘 要：當(dāng)前我國(guó)農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)與管理的環(huán)境條件發(fā)生了變化，以往的組織方式、管理體制與運(yùn)行機(jī)制已經(jīng)落后。制度缺失、政策失誤導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)失靈、政府缺位、體制不活、機(jī)制不暢等弊病是其處于滯后、無(wú)序甚至荒廢狀態(tài)的主要原因。2011年中央1號(hào)文件鮮明提出農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)滯后是影響農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和國(guó)家糧食安全的最大硬傷，把農(nóng)田水利作為要突出加強(qiáng)的第一薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，明確要求農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)。這是針對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)和水利的突出問(wèn)題、順應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展要求做出的具有戰(zhàn)略意義的重大決策，必將產(chǎn)生重大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

關(guān)鍵詞：小型農(nóng)田水利；建設(shè)；問(wèn)題；原因；措施   Discussion on promoting small-scale irrigation and water conservancy engineering construction -Conscientiously implement the Central Committee Document No.1   Student: Sun Kee Ping Instructor: Ding Minghai Huainan Normal University, Department of Politics and Law   Abstract: The current management of irrigation and water conservancy construction and the environmental conditions have changed, the previous organization, management system and operation mechanism have been left behind.System flaw, policy failures lead to market failure, government absence, system is not live, poor mechanisms for the ills of its lagging behind, mainly due to the state of disorder or even abandoned.Central Document No. 1 of 2011 made clear is the impact of irrigation and water conservancy construction is lagging behind the stable development of agriculture and national food security, the greatest flawed, to strengthen water conservancy as the first to highlight the weak links, explicit requirements for construction of water conservancy.This is the view of the outstanding problems of agriculture and water, follow the requirements of economic and social development of strategic significance to make the major decisions will have significant and far-reaching impact. Key words: small water conservancy; construction; problem; reason; measures   前言 “水利”，是指對(duì)自然界的水進(jìn)行控制、調(diào)節(jié)、治導(dǎo)、開(kāi)發(fā)、管理和保護(hù)，以防止水旱災(zāi)害，并開(kāi)發(fā)利用水資源的各項(xiàng)事業(yè)和活動(dòng)。水利一詞最早見(jiàn)于戰(zhàn)國(guó)末期問(wèn)世的《呂氏春秋》中的《孝行覽•慎人》篇，但它所講的“取水利”系指捕魚(yú)之利。約公元前104～前91年，西漢史學(xué)家司馬遷寫(xiě)成《史記》，其中的《河渠書(shū)》（見(jiàn)《史記•河渠書(shū)》）是我國(guó)第一步水利通史。該書(shū)記述了從禹治水到漢武帝黃河瓠（hù）子堵口這一歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)一系列治河防洪、開(kāi)渠通航和引水灌溉的史實(shí)之后，感嘆到：“甚哉水之為利害也”，并首次賦予“水利”一詞以治河、修渠等除害興利的專業(yè)意義。 農(nóng)業(yè)是糧食生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)，是一個(gè)國(guó)家或民族最重要的生命線。而水利又是農(nóng)業(yè)的命脈，是糧食安全和鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的有效保障。隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的不斷深入和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的迅速進(jìn)行，我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的農(nóng)村小型農(nóng)田水利工程模式已不能夠滿足發(fā)展的需要，所以加強(qiáng)水利尤其是農(nóng)村的小型農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)，是務(wù)實(shí)“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展的根本性措施。在我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的政策和形勢(shì)下，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村小型農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)，對(duì)促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和建設(shè)好新農(nóng)村具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。應(yīng)該這么說(shuō)，搞好小型農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)在現(xiàn)階段和今后一個(gè)相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期，無(wú)論對(duì)加快我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展還是對(duì)提高全國(guó)農(nóng)民的生活水平都具有不可替代的作用。