Excel VBA在工程測(cè)量上的應(yīng)用

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Excel是大家很熟悉的辦公軟件，相信大家在工作中經(jīng)常使用吧。在測(cè)量工作中，你是否感覺(jué)到有很不方便的時(shí)候？比如，計(jì)算一個(gè)角度的三角函數(shù)值，而角度的單位是60進(jìn)制的，此時(shí)，你一定感到很無(wú)奈，因?yàn)椋?span lang="EN-US">Excel本身無(wú)法直接計(jì)算60進(jìn)制的角度的三角函數(shù)！還有，如果你的工作表中有了點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)值（二維或者三維），要在CAD中展繪出來(lái)，怎樣才能又快又直接？不然，就只有拐彎摸角了，很痛苦啊！其實(shí)，只要對(duì) Excel進(jìn)行一些挖掘，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)Excel的功能我們還沒(méi)有好好的利用呢。Excel本身提供了強(qiáng)大的二次開(kāi)發(fā)功能，只要我們仔細(xì)的研究，沒(méi)有什么能難倒我們的。下面，好好筆者將帶你走近Excel，認(rèn)識(shí)它的強(qiáng)大的二次開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境VBAIDE，用它來(lái)解決上面所提到的問(wèn)題，就非常容易了。

　　初識(shí)VBAIDE，首先，你必須懂得一些簡(jiǎn)單的VB編程常識(shí)。如果不懂就只有通過(guò)其他的途徑去學(xué)習(xí)了。但用不著深入的研究，只要靜下心來(lái)，幾個(gè)小時(shí)就可以了。

　　打開(kāi)Excel，按Alt+F11即進(jìn)入VBAIDE，學(xué)過(guò)VB的人一看就知道那就是熟悉的VB界面。下面看看如何定義一個(gè)函數(shù)，然后利用它來(lái)解決60進(jìn)制的角度的三角函數(shù)計(jì)算問(wèn)題。在菜單上依次點(diǎn)擊[插入]­­­­->[模塊]，然后輸入如下代碼

Public Const pi = 3.14159265359

Public Function DEG(n As Double)

Dim A As Double, B As Double, C As Double, D As Double, E As Double, F As Double, G As Double, KA As Double

D = Abs(n) + 0.000000000000001

F = Sgn(n)

A = Int(D)

B = Int((D - A) * 100)

C = D - A - B / 100

DEG = F * (A + B / 60 + C / 0.36) * pi / 180

End Function

　　這樣，就定義了一個(gè)名字叫DEG的函數(shù)，它的作用就是轉(zhuǎn)換60進(jìn)制的角度為Excel認(rèn)識(shí)的弧度。編輯完后按Alt+Q即返回Excel，再在某一單元格輸入=sin(deg(A1))(A1既可以是單元格的值,也可以是輸入的角度值),回車(chē)，哈哈，怎么樣？結(jié)果出來(lái)了吧？你可以用計(jì)算器檢驗(yàn)一下是否正確。如果出現(xiàn)#NAME？那就要設(shè)置一下安全設(shè)置。依次點(diǎn)[工具]->[宏]->[安全性]，在安全級(jí)選項(xiàng)卡上選擇“中”或者“低”，然后關(guān)閉后重新打開(kāi)就可以了，以后只要是60進(jìn)制的角度，就用它轉(zhuǎn)換，非常方便哦。

　　工程測(cè)量中，經(jīng)常碰到導(dǎo)線的計(jì)算，如果手頭沒(méi)有平差計(jì)算程序就只有手工計(jì)算了，這時(shí)候你曾經(jīng)想過(guò)編個(gè)小程序來(lái)計(jì)算？其實(shí)，這很簡(jiǎn)單，筆者在宛坪（上海至武威）高速公路上做測(cè)量監(jiān)理，因?yàn)橛写罅康膶?dǎo)線需要復(fù)核，故編寫(xiě)了一個(gè)附合導(dǎo)線計(jì)算程序，代碼很簡(jiǎn)單，但很實(shí)用。下面是該程序的代碼：

Sub附合導(dǎo)線計(jì)算()

Dim m As Integer, n As Integer, ms As Double, gg As Double, sht As Object, xx As Double, yy As Double, S As Double

Set sht = ThisWorkbook.ActiveSheet

Do While sht.Cells(m + 3, 4) <> ""

m = m + 1

Loop

For n = 3 To m + 2

ms = DEG(ms) + DEG(sht.Cells(n, 4))

ms = RAD(ms)

S = S + sht.Cells(n, 3)

Next

ms = DEG(ms)

gg = RAD(DEG(sht.Cells(3, 5)) + ms - DEG(sht.Cells(3 + m, 5)) - pi * m)

xx = 0: yy = 0

For n = 4 To m + 2

'方位角

sht.Cells(n, 5) = RAD(DEG(sht.Cells(n - 1, 5)) + DEG(sht.Cells(n - 1, 4)) - pi - DEG(gg) / m)

'坐標(biāo)增量

sht.Cells(n, 6) = Format(sht.Cells(n - 1, 3) * Cos(DEG(sht.Cells(n, 5))), "#####.####")

sht.Cells(n, 7) = Format(sht.Cells(n - 1, 3) * Sin(DEG(sht.Cells(n, 5))), "#####.####")

'坐標(biāo)增量和

xx = xx + sht.Cells(n, 6)

yy = yy + sht.Cells(n, 7)

Next

xx = xx + sht.Cells(3, 10) - sht.Cells(m + 2, 10)

yy = yy + sht.Cells(3, 11) - sht.Cells(m + 2, 11)

sht.Cells(m + 4, 5) = "△α=" & Format(gg, "###.######")

sht.Cells(m + 4, 6) = "△X=" & Format(xx, "###.###")

sht.Cells(m + 4, 7) = "△Y=" & Format(yy, "###.###")

sht.Cells(m + 4, 3) = "∑S=" & Format(S, "###.###")

sht.Cells(m + 4, 9) = "△S=" & Format(Sqr(xx * xx + yy * yy), "###.###")

sht.Cells(m + 4, 10) = "相對(duì)精度 1/" & Format(S / Sqr(xx * xx + yy * yy), "######")

For n = 4 To m + 2

sht.Cells(n, 8) = Format(xx / S * sht.Cells(n - 1, 3), "###.####")

sht.Cells(n, 9) = Format(yy / S * sht.Cells(n - 1, 3), "###.####")

Next

For n = 4 To m + 1

sht.Cells(n, 10) = sht.Cells(n - 1, 10) + sht.Cells(n, 6) - sht.Cells(n, 8)

sht.Cells(n, 11) = sht.Cells(n - 1, 11) + sht.Cells(n, 7) - sht.Cells(n, 9)

Next

    Columns("F:K").Select

    Selection.NumberFormatLocal = "0.000_ "

End Sub

Public Function RAD(Nu As Double) As Double

Dim A As Double, B As Double, C As Double, D As Double, E As Double, F As Double, G As Double, p As Double

D = Abs(Nu)

F = Sgn(Nu)

p = 180# / pi

G = p * 60#

A = Int(D * p)

B = Int((D - A / p) * G)

W = B

C = (D - A / p - B / G) * 20.62648062

RAD = (C + A + B / 100) * F

End Function

　　值得注意的是，前面提到的DEG函數(shù)別忘記加進(jìn)去。

　　如果自己定義一個(gè)名字叫“計(jì)算”的按鈕，指定此工具的宏為“單一附合導(dǎo)線計(jì)算”，那么，只要按下面的格式輸入原始數(shù)據(jù)（斜體是輸入的），點(diǎn)“計(jì)算”就可以得到計(jì)算結(jié)果了。所有的過(guò)程都是自動(dòng)的，無(wú)須再手工填寫(xiě)，是不是很方便？

　　下面我們就來(lái)解決上面提到的與CAD的連接和通訊問(wèn)題。

　　進(jìn)入VBAIDE，按[工具]->[引用],找到可使用的引用，在“AutoCAD2000類(lèi)型庫(kù)”的左邊打鉤，點(diǎn)確定就行了。在模塊中輸入以下代碼：

Global Sheet As Object, acadmtext As acadmtext, fontHight As Double

 Global xlBook As Excel.Workbook

Global p0(2) As Double, p1(2) As Double, p2(2) As Double

Global acadApp As AcadApplication

Global acadDoc As AcadDocument

Global acadPoint As acadPoint

 Global number As Integer

 Public Type pt

 n As Integer

 pt(2) As Double

Global pt() As pt

 Global text1 As AcadText

   Global CAD As Object

   Global p(2) As Double, i As Integer, j As Integer

      Global h As Integer, l As Integer

Public Function Get_ACAD(Dwt As String) As Boolean

 Dim YER As Integer

    On Error Resume Next

    Set acadApp = GetObject(, "AutoCAD.Application")

    If Err Then

        Err.Clear

        Set acadApp = CreateObject("AutoCAD.Application")

        If Err Then

            MsgBox Err.Description

            On Error GoTo 0

            Get_ACAD = False

            Exit Function

        End If

    End If

    On Error GoTo 0

Set acadDoc = acadApp.ActiveDocument

    acadApp.Visible = True

    Get_ACAD = True

    Dim typeFace As String

    Dim Bold As Boolean

    Dim Italic As Boolean

    Dim charSet As Long

    Dim PitchandFamily As Long

    acadDoc.ActiveTextStyle.GetFont typeFace, Bold, Italic, charSet, PitchandFamily

acadDoc.ActiveTextStyle.SetFont "宋體", Bold, Italic, charSet, PitchandFamily

End Function

Sub 顯示對(duì)話框()

Form1.Show (0)

End Sub

Public Function Draw_Point(Point() As Double) As acadPoint

    Set Draw_Point = acadDoc.ModelSpace.AddPoint(Point)

    Draw_Point.Update

End Function

Public Sub Set_layer(s As String)

    Dim layerObj As AcadLayer

    Set layerObj = acadDoc.Layers.Add(s)

    acadDoc.ActiveLayer = layerObj

End Sub

再按以下模式做個(gè)對(duì)話框：窗體的名字就叫“Form1”

雙擊“展點(diǎn)”按鈕，輸入以下代碼：

Dim p0(2) As Double, p1(2) As Double, p2(2) As Double

Dim T1 As Double, T2 As Double, T3 As Double, T4 As Double

Public ne As Integer, sp As Single, cz As Single

Call Get_ACAD("")

Dim txt As AcadText

Dim la As AcadLayer

For Each Layer In acadDoc.ModelSpace

Next

Call Set_layer("zdh")

Set Sheet = ThisWorkbook.ActiveSheet

Dim i As Integer

Do While Sheet.Cells(i + 1, 3) <> "" Or Sheet.Cells(i + 1, 1) <> ""

If Sheet.Cells(i + 1, 3) = "" Or Sheet.Cells(i + 1, 4) = "" Then GoTo II

With Sheet

p1(0) = .Cells(i + 1, 3).Value

p1(1) = .Cells(i + 1, 4).Value

p1(2) = .Cells(i + 1, 5).Value

End With

p(0) = p1(0)

p(1) = p1(1)

Call Set_layer("ZDH")

Call Draw_Point(p1)

 fontHight = TextBox5.Value

If Cells(i + 1, 2) = "" Then GoTo oo

Set txt = acadDoc.ModelSpace.AddText(Cells(i + 1, 2), p, fontHight)

txt.Color = acMagenta

oo:

If Cells(i + 1, 5) = "" Then GoTo II

Set_layer ("GCD")

p(1) = p1(1) - fontHight

Set txt = acadDoc.ModelSpace.AddText(Format(Cells(i + 1, 5), "00.0"), p, fontHight)

txt.Color = acMagenta

II:

i = i + 1

 Loop

End Sub

　　當(dāng)然，你在Excel上同樣可以再加個(gè)工具按鈕，比如叫“展點(diǎn)”，指定宏為“顯示對(duì)話框”，只要你的Excel有了X,Y或者X,Y，Z（格式如下表），點(diǎn)擊“展點(diǎn)” 就可以自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)A utoCAD展點(diǎn)啦！當(dāng)然,如果A utoCAD已經(jīng)啟動(dòng),就直接在已經(jīng)打開(kāi)的A utoCAD文檔中展點(diǎn)，展點(diǎn)完畢后，會(huì)顯示一個(gè)對(duì)話框，提示“展點(diǎn)完畢“，再切換到A utoCAD看看，你所要展的點(diǎn)是否已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了？如果沒(méi)有輸入錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該可以得到滿意的結(jié)果。如果有點(diǎn)號(hào),還可以顯示點(diǎn)號(hào)，并且可以輸入字體的高度。

　　下面是坐標(biāo)格式，其中第一列為點(diǎn)名，第二列為編碼（可以為空），第三列為X，第四列為Y，第五列為高程。注意，X，Y是A utoCAD的橫坐標(biāo)和縱坐標(biāo)，與測(cè)量坐標(biāo)系不同。

　　Excel的功能是非常強(qiáng)大的，如果有興趣，你還可以在AutoCAD中直接與Excel通訊，比如一條三維多段線的所有結(jié)點(diǎn)的三維坐標(biāo)直接導(dǎo)入到Excel，比在AutoCAD中用列表的方法要方便的多，限于篇幅，無(wú)法在此詳細(xì)敘述了。如果讀者有興趣，可以深入的學(xué)習(xí)和探討。