淺談建筑工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督機構(gòu)工程管理的幾個問題

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摘要：隨著社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，我國的建筑行業(yè)也迅速發(fā)展起來，而工程質(zhì)量問題也越來越應(yīng)受到重視，工程質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響到人們?nèi)罕姷那猩砝?，工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督機構(gòu)對工程質(zhì)量的控制發(fā)揮著重要的作用。工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督制度是在1984年建立起來的，這標志著政府單向行政管理建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的時代已經(jīng)接近尾聲，而邁入政府專業(yè)技術(shù)質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的新時代，從政府工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督機制建立，以往存在的全國性的重大質(zhì)量問題得到了有效控制。20年來，各級工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督機構(gòu)在全國各地迅速發(fā)展起來，規(guī)模由小到大，實力由弱至強，逐步成為工程建設(shè)質(zhì)量管理中的主力軍隊伍，它的建立保證了各地工程質(zhì)量，避免了一些特重大工程質(zhì)量事故的出現(xiàn)，在我國工程質(zhì)量管理中發(fā)揮著重要作用，在社會上樹立了良好的形象。建筑工程政府監(jiān)督管理作為建筑工程質(zhì)量管理的重要一環(huán)，雖然在保障工程質(zhì)量方面監(jiān)理制的實施起到了較好的作用，但同時也存在著一定的問題。為了有效的保證工程建設(shè)的水平，實現(xiàn)從單一事實監(jiān)督向工程建設(shè)各方質(zhì)量行為監(jiān)督的延伸,并特別注意工程建設(shè)各方的銜接部分的工程質(zhì)量的有效監(jiān)督，建立行為監(jiān)督與事實監(jiān)督并重的質(zhì)量監(jiān)督運行機制是必然的趨勢。 

關(guān)鍵詞:工程監(jiān)理；工程監(jiān)督；問題；對策  abstract: with the rapid development of social economy, china’s construction industry also rapidly, and engineering quality problem is also more and more should be taken seriously, engineering quality affects the vital interests of the people, the project quality supervision mechanism for the engineering quality control played an important role. construction quality supervision system is established in 1984, which marks the government administrative management construction engineering quality one-way supervision and time is close to an end, and entering government professional technical quality supervision and new era, from a government project quality supervision mechanism established, past the existence of major national quality problem effectively controlled. for 20 years, all levels of project quality supervision agencies in developing rapidly across the country, from small to large size, strength by weak to strong, gradually become main force of engineering construction quality management team, the establishment of the guarantee it all engineering quality, to avoid some important engineering, quality accident, the appearance of project quality management in our country play a very important role, in the society set up a good image. construction projects the government supervision and management of the construction quality management as a important part, although in security project quality supervision of the implementation of the played a better effect, but there are also some problems. in order to effectively guarantee of the engineering construction level, the realization from a single fact supervision to the engineering construction quality supervision and extension of the parties behavior, and pay special attention engineering construction of all parties of the quality of the project on part of effective supervision, establish behavior supervision and the facts to monitor both the quality supervision and operation mechanism is an inevitable trend.  keywords: engineering supervision; engineering supervision; problem; countermeasures  中圖分類號：f253.3文獻標識碼：a 文章編號：  1 建筑工程質(zhì)量問題及特點  建筑工程質(zhì)量問題的現(xiàn)狀主要表現(xiàn)在：  （1）由于普遍存在意識淡薄，管理力度低，執(zhí)行不到位，導(dǎo)致政府的監(jiān)督管理工作出現(xiàn)了缺位，越位，不到位現(xiàn)象。一些建筑工程開始不按程序建設(shè)，有些工程沒有審查圖紙就施工，一邊施工一邊設(shè)計；有些工程建設(shè)單位的資質(zhì)審查不是很嚴，且層層轉(zhuǎn)包；有些工程施工前的程序還沒有辦理完就野蠻施工，一味的追求利潤最大化，不顧建筑質(zhì)量標準與規(guī)范，產(chǎn)生一系列的潛在的及明顯的質(zhì)量問題。  （2）施工中的質(zhì)量問題。一些施工經(jīng)驗并不是很多，專業(yè)水平也不是很高的隊伍，卻去承包接攬自己力所不能及的項目，或者一味的轉(zhuǎn)包。  （3）竣工的驗收不按行規(guī)與法規(guī)實施，執(zhí)行力不夠。本應(yīng)參照竣工驗收備案制度，由相關(guān)有資質(zhì)的竣工驗收機構(gòu)監(jiān)督驗收，但是工程建設(shè)單位與施工單位刻意的繞開竣工驗收機構(gòu)，將竣工驗收改為自檢。這樣導(dǎo)致建設(shè)單位與施工單位成為了驗收的主導(dǎo)，竣工驗收發(fā)揮不了相應(yīng)的作用，缺乏了機制的制衡。