淺談區(qū)域環(huán)境的影響

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論文摘要：實(shí)行對(duì)外開(kāi)放政策以來(lái)，我國(guó)在沿海省市開(kāi)辟了一系列新經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)。這些經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)一般都有各自的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，有的制定了區(qū)域環(huán)境規(guī)劃，因此，應(yīng)該開(kāi)展相應(yīng)的區(qū)域環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)。

  Abstract: since the adopted a policy of opening to the outside world, our country started a series of new economic development zone in coastal provinces and cities. These economic zones generally has its own economic development planning, some established regional environmental planning, therefore, the corresponding regional environmental impact assessment should be carried out.    　　論文關(guān)鍵詞：區(qū)域環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)；新經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)；REIA；污染物預(yù)防   Key words: regional environmental assessment; The new economic development; REIA; Pollution prevention    　　　　     　　一、區(qū)域環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的概念   First, the concept of regional environmental assessment    　　從1979年中國(guó)實(shí)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度至今，其相關(guān)制度在保護(hù)自然環(huán)境、防治污染、協(xié)調(diào)開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)方面就一直發(fā)揮著重要的作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的迅猛發(fā)展，帶動(dòng)了眾多區(qū)域性開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展，例如經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)、旅游度假區(qū)及邊貿(mào)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)等，使多個(gè)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目在相同地區(qū)，相近時(shí)間陸續(xù)開(kāi)展。屆時(shí)，如果對(duì)各建設(shè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行逐個(gè)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)（EIA），就不能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)最終的環(huán)境變化，不能顯示區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)的總體環(huán)境影響，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致無(wú)法采取合理的環(huán)境保護(hù)對(duì)策，使環(huán)境質(zhì)量目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)落空。故而，應(yīng)當(dāng)將這類開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目看作一個(gè)整體，綜合考慮全部區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)的建設(shè)行為，開(kāi)展區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)，即區(qū)域環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)（REIA）。從理論上說(shuō)，REIA可歸入戰(zhàn)略性環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)（SEIA或SEA）的范疇。   From China in 1979 since the implementation of the construction project environmental impact assessment system, the related system in protecting the natural environment, prevent and control pollution, to coordinate development and environmental protection has been playing an important role. The rapid development of economic construction, promote the development of the regional development and construction projects, such as economic development zone, hi-tech industry development zone and tourist resort and the border trade development zone, etc., make many construction projects in the same area, close to the launch time. Then, if individually for each construction project to the environmental impact assessment (EIA), will not be able to accurately predict the ultimate environmental change, can't display area development's overall environmental impact, leading to not take reasonable environmental protection countermeasure, failed to achieve the goal of environmental quality. So, this kind of development and construction project shall be as a whole, taking into account all the construction of regional development, regional development environmental impact assessment, namely, regional environmental impact assessment (REIA). In theory, REIA can be classified as strategic environmental impact assessment (SEIA or SEA).