研究園林綠化工程的養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理措施

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摘　要:隨著我國(guó)城市園林綠化事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,園林綠化工程的養(yǎng)護(hù)管理工作理念不斷更新。本文從園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理的意義、要求出發(fā),分析了園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)管理需要注意的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),并有針對(duì)性的提出了有關(guān)養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理的具體措施。

Pick to: along with our country city afforestation enterprise vigorous development, landscaping engineering maintenance management concept update. From the botanical garden afforestation project maintenance and management of the meaning and requirement, analyzes the landscape engineering maintenance management key points need to be aware of, and targeted put forward the relevant maintenance and management of specific measures. 關(guān)鍵詞:園林綠化;養(yǎng)護(hù)管理;關(guān)鍵點(diǎn);措施 Key words: landscape; Maintenance and management; A key point; measures 1　園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理的意義城市園林綠化的發(fā)展城市投資環(huán)境、提升城市形象,促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展起到了重要作用。由于園林綠化的主體材料是有生命的植物,需要連續(xù)的養(yǎng)護(hù)和管理。只有通過(guò)精心養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理,才能在保持現(xiàn)有園林綠化工程成果的基礎(chǔ)上,充分體現(xiàn)綠化的生態(tài)價(jià)值,景觀價(jià)值和人文價(jià)值。因此,要讓園林綠化工程持續(xù)的發(fā)揮作用,養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理工作是關(guān)鍵。 1 landscaping engineering maintenance and management of the significance of the development of the urban landscaping city investment environment, promote city image, which plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of social economy. Because the main body of landscape material is living plant, need continuous maintenance and management. Only through careful maintenance and management, to maintain existing landscaping engineering results, on the basis of fully reflect the ecological value of the greening and landscape value and humanistic value. Therefore, to let the garden greening projects continue to play a role, maintenance and management work is the key. 2　園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理的要求對(duì)園林綠化工程的養(yǎng)護(hù)管理:一方面是養(yǎng)護(hù),即根據(jù)不同園林樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)需要和某些特定的要求,及時(shí)對(duì)樹(shù)木采取如灌溉排水,整形修剪,防治病蟲害等技術(shù)措施;另一方面是管理,即看管維護(hù),綠地的清掃保潔等園藝管理工作,以保證樹(shù)木栽植的成活率,預(yù)防早期轉(zhuǎn)衰,延長(zhǎng)綠化效果。 2 landscaping engineering maintenance and management of the maintenance management of landscaping project: on the one hand is maintenance, namely according to the growth of different landscape plants need and some specific requirements, timely on trees such as irrigation and drainage, trimming, technology measures such as prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests; Management is on the other hand, the supervision maintenance, green cleaning cleaning the garden management, to ensure the survival rate of trees planted, fading early prevention, extend the greening effect. 園林樹(shù)木養(yǎng)護(hù)管理要具有一定的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即要保證樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)健壯、美觀,又要保持樹(shù)木周圍地面土壤疏松、通氣,樹(shù)基部無(wú)堆積污染物現(xiàn)象。 Landscape plants and maintenance management should have certain quality standards, namely to ensure the tree growth strong, beautiful, and to keep the trees around the ground soil loose, ventilation, base no accumulation of pollutants. 3　園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)3.1增加土壤肥力,防止水土流失地被植物生長(zhǎng)期內(nèi),應(yīng)根據(jù)各類植物的需要,及時(shí)補(bǔ)充肥力,尤其對(duì)一些觀花地被植物更重要。在栽植地的土壤保持疏松、肥沃的同時(shí),排水工作一定要做好。一般情況下,應(yīng)每年檢查,暴雨過(guò)后要仔細(xì)查看有無(wú)沖刷損壞。 3.1 3 landscaping engineering maintenance and management of the key points to increase soil fertility, prevent soil erosion by plant growth period, should according to the needs of all kinds of plants, timely supplementary fertility, especially for some flower groundcover plants is more important. While the planting site to keep the loose, fertile soil, drainage work must be done well. In general, you should check every year, after the heavy rain to take a closer look at presence of erosion damage. 3.2注意抗旱灌溉 3.2 pay attention to irrigation 地被植物在種植后要及時(shí)澆灌,園林樹(shù)木灌溉的時(shí)期主要根據(jù)樹(shù)木在一年內(nèi)各個(gè)物候期的需水特點(diǎn),當(dāng)?shù)貧夂?、土壤?nèi)水分的變化規(guī)律,以及樹(shù)木栽植時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短來(lái)決定。 Groundcover plants must be watered in time after planting, landscape plants and irrigation period mainly according to the water requirement characteristics of trees in a year each phenophase, the changing rule of the local climate, soil moisture content, and planting trees length of time to decide. 灌溉次數(shù)和灌水量要與樹(shù)種、土質(zhì)、氣候及植株大小相適應(yīng),以節(jié)約用水和便于作業(yè)為原則來(lái)選擇灌溉方法。 Irrigation frequency and irrigation water and tree species, soil, climate, and plant size, to save water and to work as the principle to select the irrigation methods. 3.3注重修剪平整與更新復(fù)蘇 3.3 pay attention to clip flat and update the recovery 整形與修剪是園林植物栽培過(guò)程中一項(xiàng)十分重要而又有情趣的養(yǎng)護(hù)管理措施,主要目的是滿足觀賞和達(dá)到美感效果。一般低矮類型品種不需要進(jìn)行經(jīng)常修剪,修剪工作最好安排在傍晚前后地被植物上沒(méi)有露水時(shí)進(jìn)行,可以避免地被植物的人為損害和陽(yáng)光的灼曬。在地被植物養(yǎng)護(hù)管理中,常常由于各種不利因素,使成片的地被出現(xiàn)過(guò)早衰老。應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況,對(duì)表土進(jìn)行刺孔,使根部土壤疏松透氣,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)施肥澆水,有利于更新復(fù)蘇。 Reshaping and pruning garden plant cultivation process is a very important and have interest maintenance management measures, the main purpose is to satisfy the ornamental and aesthetic effect. Generally low type breed often don't need to be cut, trim work best when there is no dew on the evening before and after the groundcover plants, can avoid man-made damage and groundcover plants of the burning sun. In cover plant maintenance management, often because of various unfavorable factors, make piece by appear premature aging. Should, according to the different situation of topsoil, through to air the roots of loose soil, at the same time strengthen the fertilizing watering, conducive to update the recovery. 3.4注意地被群落的調(diào)整 3.4 the adjustment by community 地被比其他植物栽培期長(zhǎng),但并非一次栽植后一成不變。除了有些品種具有自身更新能力外,一般均需要從觀賞、覆蓋效果等方面考慮,在必要時(shí)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。在調(diào)整過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意花色協(xié)調(diào),如在道路或草坪邊緣種上太陽(yáng)花,則顯得高雅、醒目。 Is longer than other plant growing period, but it is not a fixed after planting. Besides some variety has its own update ability, usually need to consider from the ornamental, covering effect and so on, in the proper adjustment if necessary. Design and color coordination should be paid attention to in the process of adjustment, such as on the edge of the road or lawn planted sunflowers, appear elegant and eye-catching. 3.5防寒與病蟲害的防治 3.5 the cold and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests 某些園林植物,尤其是南種北移的樹(shù)種,難以適應(yīng)北方的嚴(yán)寒冬季,為防止凍害發(fā)生,需及時(shí)采取春灌、保護(hù)樹(shù)干等防寒措施。對(duì)于病蟲害的發(fā)生,要以防為主,要防早、治小,除了要慎重對(duì)待,科學(xué)防治,同時(shí)要保護(hù)環(huán)境,減少農(nóng)藥污染。 Some garden plant, especially the south north of the tree species, difficult to adapt to the cold winter in the north, to prevent cold injury occurred, should be timely to take protection measures in spring, and protection of the trunk. For the occurrence of pest and disease to give priority to, in case to prevent early, treat small, in addition to seriously, scientific prevention and control, at the same time to protect the environment, reduce pesticide pollution. 4　加強(qiáng)園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)管理的相關(guān)措施4.1積極防止自然災(zāi)害的侵襲做好園林綠化工程的養(yǎng)護(hù),要積極防止暴風(fēng)、暴雨、干旱等自然災(zāi)害的侵襲。在暴風(fēng)來(lái)臨前要將樹(shù)冠適當(dāng)抽稀,支撐加固;在暴雨來(lái)臨時(shí)在地勢(shì)低,易積水處開(kāi)排水溝;發(fā)生水澇,可打洞使水滲入地下。對(duì)于不能耐旱的樹(shù)種栽植后都應(yīng)將主干和主枝少白或噴白,以防樹(shù)皮曬裂,對(duì)樹(shù)干繞繩或包扎麻片。 4 to strengthen the management of landscape engineering maintenance measures actively to prevent natural disasters hit 4.1 the landscaping engineering maintenance, should actively prevent wind and storm, drought and other natural disasters. Before the storm will crown smoke sparse, appropriate support reinforcement; In the heavy rain came on the lower, easy seeper place open drains; Waterlogged, seeping into the ground to play water. For can't hardy tree planting after the trunk and main branch should be less spray white or white, in case of sun crack, the bark of the trunk line or bind up hemp. 4.2加強(qiáng)平時(shí)的看管、檢查工作 4.2 to strengthen the supervision and checking work at ordinary times 為了保護(hù)樹(shù)木,免遭或少受人為破壞,對(duì)于一些怕踐踏的樹(shù)種,如樹(shù)根較淺的樹(shù)種,應(yīng)當(dāng)選用綠籬保護(hù)起來(lái),與游人隔離。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)木傾斜,要及時(shí)扶正加固,一些重點(diǎn)地區(qū)應(yīng)設(shè)專人看管,定期巡視,與有關(guān)部門配合協(xié)作,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)處理。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)木遭到損傷而不能存活,應(yīng)盡早伐挖。 In order to protect the trees, from or less affected by man-made destruction, for some of the fear of trampling on tree species, such as the shallow roots of tree species, should choose hedge protected from the visitors. If found trees tilt, to righting reinforcement in time, some key areas should be designated persons closely, and regular visits, cooperate with relevant departments of the coordination, timely find problems timely processing. If it is found that trees are damaged and can't survive, should cut dig as soon as possible. 4.3園林養(yǎng)護(hù)管理應(yīng)與施工有機(jī)結(jié)合園林綠化工程的施工和養(yǎng)護(hù)管理兩者是相互聯(lián)系、相輔相成,兩者的有機(jī)結(jié)合是一個(gè)成功的園林作品的必然要求。園林的養(yǎng)護(hù)應(yīng)貫穿施工全過(guò)程,在綠化工程的施工中就采取適當(dāng)?shù)酿B(yǎng)護(hù)措施,例如在綠化工程施工中就要保證樹(shù)木種植的成活率,達(dá)到預(yù)想的綠化效果。 4.3 garden maintenance management should combine with the construction landscape construction and maintenance management is both contact each other, supplement each other, the organic combination of both is necessary for a successful garden works. Garden maintenance should be throughout the whole construction process, in the greening projects of construction is the appropriate maintenance measures are taken, such as in the greening engineering construction will ensure trees planting survival rate, reaches expected effect. 4.4加大園林綠化養(yǎng)護(hù)管理的資金投入上級(jí)主管部門要加大園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)管理經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入,為搞好養(yǎng)護(hù)管理創(chuàng)造有利條件?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力,只有加大資金投入,廣泛深入開(kāi)展園林科學(xué)技術(shù)研究,全面增強(qiáng)園林從業(yè)人員的科學(xué)技術(shù)素質(zhì),才能有效提高園林養(yǎng)護(hù)管理的整體水平。 4.4 increase afforestation maintenance management of funds into the competent department to increase investment in garden greening engineering maintenance management funds, to create favorable conditions for improve maintenance management. Science and technology is the first productive force, only increase financial input, in-depth research on garden of science and technology, a comprehensive enhance garden workers quality of science and technology, can effectively improve the overall level of garden maintenance management. 5　結(jié)語(yǔ) 5 conclusion 園林綠化是現(xiàn)代化城市的重要標(biāo)志,是改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要途徑,園林綠化工程養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理工作在園林綠化工程工作中起著舉足輕重的作用,它是一種持續(xù)性、長(zhǎng)效性的工作,有較高的技術(shù)要求,只有高質(zhì)量、高水平的養(yǎng)護(hù)與管理,才能使園林綠化發(fā)揮更大的生態(tài)效益和社會(huì)效益,園林景觀才能逐漸達(dá)到完美的景觀效果。 Afforestation is the important symbol of modern city, is an important approach to improve the ecological environment, landscaping engineering maintenance and management work in garden greening engineering work plays an important role, it is a sustainable, long-term work, have high technical requirements, only high quality, high level of maintenance and management, to make the landscaping play a more important ecological and social benefits, landscape effect of landscape in order to achieve perfect gradually.