PMP認(rèn)證考試練習(xí)題（十五）（中英文）

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1. You are employed by a federal agency and are managing a 3-year project with a $3 million budget. If project requirements change, you expect additional funds to become available toward the end of each fiscal year. You may use these funds for your project. You decide to establish a cost change control system to
Define when to add contingency funds to the project
Define the procedures by which the cost baseline may by changed
Determine why a cost variance has occurred
Determine whether a budget update is required

你受雇于一個(gè)聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)管理一個(gè)為期3年，預(yù)算達(dá)300萬(wàn)美元的項(xiàng)目. 如果項(xiàng)目有變更需要，你就需要在每個(gè)財(cái)政年度的年度有更多的資金注入. 你可以在你的項(xiàng)目中使用這些資金. 你決定要建立一個(gè)成本變更控制系統(tǒng)，是為了
明確什么時(shí)候向項(xiàng)目添加應(yīng)急資金
明確定義變更成本基線的程序
判斷成本變動(dòng)發(fā)生的原因
判斷是否需要修改預(yù)算

2. You are managing the construction of a highly sophisticated, technologically complex, intruder-impenetrable data center in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The center will house more than 500 servers for one of the world’s largest retailers who has decided to launch an e-business program in Asia. Although this location offers significant economic advantages, the threat of typhoons has caused you to create a backup plan to operate out of Manila in case the center is flooded. What type of risk response is this?
a. Passive avoidance
b. Mitigation
c. Active acceptance
d. Deflection

你正在巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞的波特摩斯比管理一個(gè)很精密而且技術(shù)上很復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)侵入屏蔽項(xiàng)目. 這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心要為一家零售商提供500臺(tái)服務(wù)器的容納量，而這家零售商是世界最大的零售商之一，且它決定要在亞洲啟動(dòng)電子商務(wù)項(xiàng)目. 盡管這一地區(qū)具備難得的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，但迫于臺(tái)風(fēng)的威脅你還是準(zhǔn)備了一套備用計(jì)劃，即在這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心遭洪水侵襲時(shí)，要改在馬尼拉外圍實(shí)施項(xiàng)目. 這屬于哪種類型的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)反應(yīng)？
被動(dòng)規(guī)避
緩解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
積極面對(duì)
偏轉(zhuǎn)避險(xiǎn)

3. You are preparing a project plan. You have identified a key subject matter expert. Her experience will be invaluable to project success. But you do not know when she will be available to support the project. Therefore, you have assumed a start date. This shows that assumptions generally involve some risk because they
Are based on lessons learned
May not have any historical precedent
Involve factors that limit the project management team’s options
Involve factors that are considered true, or certain

你正在準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃. 你已經(jīng)找到了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目關(guān)鍵問題的專家. 她的經(jīng)驗(yàn)將對(duì)項(xiàng)目的成功產(chǎn)生不可估量的價(jià)值. 但是你不知道她什么時(shí)候能來(lái)支持你的項(xiàng)目. 因此，你只能先假設(shè)了項(xiàng)目開始時(shí)間. 這表明假設(shè)一般也會(huì)包含一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，因?yàn)樗鼈?BR>是在吸取以往教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上做出的
可能 是史無(wú)前例的
包括了一些限制項(xiàng)目管理團(tuán)隊(duì)選擇空間的因素
包括了一些經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮的正確的、實(shí)際的或者確定的因素

4. You recently completed a major environmental remediation project involving the disposal of hazardous waste from a local power plant. Your client accepted the work, and your company has been paid. The project has been closed officially for more than 6 weeks. Now you are working on a new project that happens to be located at the same local power plant. While working on the new project, you discovered a possible flaw in the disposal system that was delivered for the earlier project. You reviewed drawings for that project and discovered that they are incomplete. No one else has confirmed your concerns. You do not believe and problems will be apparent for about 5 year, if ever. In this situation, you should
Do nothing because the project is complete and the customer accepted the work based on its own independent inspection
Alert your management to the situation, both orally and in writing, and request that someone else confirm your findings
Contact the customer directly and inform it of the potential problem so that it can modify your contract to correct the problem
Enhance your quality assurance and project review system immediately for future project.

你最后完成了一個(gè)涉及當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)電站有害廢物處理的大型環(huán)境補(bǔ)救項(xiàng)目. 你們的客戶驗(yàn)收了你們的工作，你們公司也得了付款. 項(xiàng)目正式結(jié)束有6個(gè)多星期了. 現(xiàn)在你從事的新項(xiàng)目正好還是在那個(gè)相同的當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)電站進(jìn)行. 在實(shí)施新項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)前一個(gè)已交付使用的項(xiàng)目的處理系統(tǒng)可能存著缺陷. 你重新查看了原來(lái)項(xiàng)目的圖紙，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的確實(shí)是不完善的. 但沒有人認(rèn)同你的擔(dān)心. 而你認(rèn)為在5年之內(nèi)也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的問題. 在這種情況下，你應(yīng)該
什么也不要做，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，而且客戶也經(jīng)他們自己的獨(dú)立檢查將項(xiàng) 目驗(yàn)收通過(guò)了
同時(shí)以口頭和書面兩種形式向你的主管通告這種情況，并找別人來(lái)的發(fā)現(xiàn)
直接同客戶取得聯(lián)系，通知他們這個(gè)潛在的問題以修改你們的合同來(lái)糾正問題
在未來(lái)的項(xiàng)目中馬列上完善你們的質(zhì)量保證和項(xiàng)目回顧系統(tǒng)

5. Because you were a finance major in college, you have been asked to be an active participant in your company’s project selection process. The project selection committee chair has asked you to describe ground rules and possible approaches for project selection. You know that organizations usually will not approve a project if its costs exceed its benefits, so you recommend using a discounted cash-flow approach. This approach is based in part on the economic theory that a dollar today generally is worth more that a dollar a year from now. Using this approach, the project is acceptable if the
a. Sum of the net present value of all estimated cash flow during the life of the project equals the profit
b. Net present value of the inflow is greater than the net present value of the outflow by a specified amount or percentage
c. Gross present value of all future expected cash flow divided by the initial cash investment is greater than one
d. Payback period occurs by the second year of the project.

由于你在大學(xué)學(xué)的是金融學(xué)專業(yè)，所以公司要求你要積極參與公司的項(xiàng)目選擇過(guò)程. 項(xiàng)目選擇委員會(huì)的主席要你介紹一些項(xiàng)目選擇的基本規(guī)則和可行的方法. 你知道那個(gè)組織通常不會(huì)批準(zhǔn)成本會(huì)超出收益的項(xiàng)目，因此你推薦了折現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)金流量法. 這種方法是以今天的1美元通常要比1年后的1美元更有價(jià)值的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為基礎(chǔ)的. 根據(jù)這種方法，項(xiàng)目在下列哪種情況下才能被接受
項(xiàng)目生命周期內(nèi)估計(jì)的現(xiàn)金流量的凈現(xiàn)值總和等于收益
現(xiàn)金流入的凈現(xiàn)值出現(xiàn)金流出的凈現(xiàn)值一定數(shù)量或比例
全部未來(lái)預(yù)期現(xiàn)金流量的現(xiàn)值總和除以項(xiàng)目初始現(xiàn)金投資結(jié)果大于1
回收期出現(xiàn)在項(xiàng)目的第二年

6. Your company is establishing a cost of quality approach to determine the relative importance of its quality problems and to identify major opportunities for cost reduction. Your company believes this approach can help is evaluate its success in achieving quality objectives. When setting up this approach, you were asked to categorize four types of costs: prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure. As you examine the cost of quality, however, you realize that training and its associated costs have become a major factor. Training costs are include in which one of the following areas?
Prevention costs
Appraisal costs
Internal failure costs
External failure costs

你們公司正在設(shè)立一個(gè)質(zhì)量成本來(lái)判斷質(zhì)量問題的相對(duì)性，并以此來(lái)識(shí)別降低成本的主要途徑. 你們認(rèn)為這個(gè)方法有助于評(píng)估項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)程序. 這個(gè)方法啟用后，公司要你將成本分為四類：預(yù)防成本、評(píng)估成本、內(nèi)部不合格成本和外部不合格成本. 然后當(dāng)你檢查質(zhì)量成本的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)培訓(xùn)及相關(guān)費(fèi)用也是一個(gè)主要的影響因素. 培訓(xùn)成本被下列哪個(gè)方面之中？
預(yù)防成本
評(píng)估成本
內(nèi)部不合格成本
外部不合格成本

7. Your organization is characterized by hierarchical organizational structures with rigid rules and policies and strict supervisory controls. Individual team members are not expected to engage in problem solving or use creative approaches to plan and execute work. But because a lot of company work involves crisis situations, this authoritarian management style has some benefits. Your organization is characterized by which one of the following theories?
Oucchi’s Theory
McGregor’s Theory X
Maslow’s self-esteem level
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

你們公司是一家規(guī)則政策嚴(yán)格、監(jiān)督控制嚴(yán)密而又等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的公司. 公司要求單獨(dú)的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員不能獨(dú)自解決問題或者采取什么創(chuàng)新性的方法來(lái)計(jì)劃或執(zhí)行工作. 但是，由于許多公司的工作都要涉及到很緊急的時(shí)刻，這種獨(dú)裁的管理風(fēng)格也還有些好處. 你們公司的特征符合下列哪種理論的說(shuō)法？
奧齊理論
麥克格雷格X理論
馬列洛的自重水平
沃魯姆的期望理論